Nikasil engine oil. The Nikasil was vulnerable to erosion by the sulphur in petrol! Jaguar recognised this as a problem and have been replacing engines up to 5 yesrs old Jan 28, 2022 · At work we occasionally re-ring Honda automotive engines to resolve oil consumption issues. The new model of the junior V8 BMW M62B35 entered the assembly line in 1996 and replaced the M60B30. Nov 19, 2020 · In this video, Charles shows how to inspect and clean your nikasil coated cylinder to see if it can be repaired or is damaged bad enough to warrant replacement. Turn on the fuel petcock(s) and start the engine using a minimal amount of 'choke', and within seconds move the rpm to about 3000 & hold it there for maybe 15 seconds, then move it upwards to maybe Mar 29, 2013 · Why is it that Nikasil engines in BMWs have a problem with the nickel reacting with the sulfur in fuel? The upper part of the cylinder wall deteriorates and fails leak down test. The M52B20 is a two-liter inline 6-cylinder engine. The International DT466 diesel engine has a 28- or 30-liter engine oil capacity depending on model. Umatek was the very first Canadian company to use this process. ROTALK is a web based support system which provides a common access point for locating key Information - Education - Support for their Rotax Aircraft Engines such as the Rotax 912, Rotax 914, Rotax 912 iS, Rotax 915 iS, Rotax 503 and Rotax 582. Nikasil is a trademarked electrodeposited lipophilic nickel matrix silicon carbide coating for engine components, mainly piston engine cylinder liners. Engine oil plays a vital role in lubricating Running a car without engine oil will result in damage to the engine. This chart pr The engine oil for a 2011 Toyota RAV4 with a V6 engine is 5W- 30, while the 4- cylinder model needs either 5W- 20 or 10W- 20 engine oil, as recommended by Toyota. If SAE 5W40 is not available, SAE 5W-30 or SAE 0W-40 may be used instead. It was released in 1994 and belongs to M52-series which also includes the M52B24, M52B25, M52B28 and S52B32 engines. Porsche engines use Nikasil in some of there engines and don't seem to have the same problem. Feb 20, 2021 · Which brand of synthetic oil 5w20 [I live in Cal. The very first units came with a nikasil coating and were afraid of bad fuel; Mar 11, 2023 · A precisely done cross-hatch is a key to good ring break-in (controls ring rotation too, where required), and, especially important, good oil control. Because Nikasil coatings are thin, rigid hones such as honing stones can remove too much of the lining. Regular servicing can ensure that your boiler operates efficiently, saving you money o When it comes to maintaining your car’s engine, one of the most important factors to consider is choosing the right engine oil. Well known German automotive parts supplier Mahle introduced Nikasil back in 1976, principally to help stop the wear on seal tips in rotary engines, which was a blight on NSU and their excellent Aug 14, 2009 · Nikasil is an electrodeposited nickel silicon carbide coating which has the essentially property of being able to absorb engine lubricant. Also the ‘‘engine failure’’ light flashes, occasionally. Does anyone have experience of Jaguar replacing engines ? I am way past the warranty period. However, When it comes to maintaining your car’s engine, choosing the right type of oil is crucial. However, not long after those initial sales of the XK8, Jaguar started to receive making the engine both stronger and more reliable. Porsche went to SUMEbore for the 718 and 991. May 11, 2019 · This will ascertain whether or not Nikasil cylinder liners were fitted in your engine. A gas odor in engine oil is caused by contamination of the engine oil by gas, usually due to a leaking fuel line or malfunctioning fuel injectors. Nov 8, 2007 · That engine had ring problems, the crank scraper and chrome oil rings were eyed but after going to a non-chrome ring things were better. They are often more exprensive 2. The reported improvement in oil consumption of the DFV with ‘Nikasil’-treated Al-alloy cylinders may have been a consequence of more rapid and complete bedding-in of the piston rings, which is what is thought to have occurred in the Porsche 912 engine. 0L engine. Ceramic coatings are similar. 2 and later sports car engines, so no need to worry about bore scoring on those models as it pertains to models with Alusil and Lokasil engine blocks. When you drained the oil which had been in it during storage, was the oil milky or did it show any signs of moisture? Inspect the cylinder walls for obvious damage. Gasoline and sulfur content Aug 15, 2014 · In fact other manufacturers used Nikasil and some still do – with varying degrees of success. The engine oil filter plays a crucial role in keeping When it comes to maintaining your car’s engine, using the correct type of oil is crucial. Nikasil is the ultimate plating process by increasing the durability of your engine. They have been replacing these engines with ones made from Alusil. Invented by MAHLE nearly 40 years ago, Nikasil reduces friction and wear, especially in aluminum bores. The check engine and check oil lights should come on when there is no oil in the vehicle, and the vehicle shou Proper lubrication is essential for the smooth operation and longevity of your engine. We have a sled engine pushing 240hp out of a 2 cylinder 795cc 2 stroke with Nikasil coated cylinders. That means, the engine oil lubricates only the engine. With so many options available in the market, it’s easy to make mistakes that can Small amounts of water will likely burn off as the engine heats, but larger amounts of water will change the car engine oil’s consistency, potentially causing serious operational p When it comes to maintaining your Kohler engine, one of the most important aspects is choosing the right oil. And Nikasil has "throughput" issues: The block has to be labor-intensively "masked" before it takes a Nikasil bath, so that the particles cling only to the bore surfaces. Jan 30, 2020 · It is unlikely your bike will need new cylinders. Sep 4, 2019 · This is why I am turning on you guys, who know these things better than me. An inspection of the inside of the cylinders will show areas where the rings are not contacting properly; those are always at the places opposite where the cylinder studs go by! Oct 6, 2012 · I understand there was a production split on the engine in this model (1994 530i) for imports into the US and that some of them have an aluminum alloy block known as the "Nikasil" block and that this engine often becomes defective around 70,000 - 150,000 miles. Nikasil liners improve oil retention, but some engine mechanics avoid this high-performance plating material. May 6, 2011 · One incident stands out for its severity as well as its simplicity—the failure of its Nikasil-lined V8 engines. I have separate transmission lubrication and the clutch is dry. I use 93 octane. I do not haul loads or pull loads, mostly a grocery getter. Disadvantages of the Jaguar AJ27S engine. To help ensure the safety of our environment, it is important to un Engine oil is a vital part of keeping your car running smoothly. Engine oil viscosity plays a significant role in how wel Engine oil is an essential component of any vehicle, but when it’s time to change it, you need to know how to properly dispose of it. Incorrectly refinished cylinders can cause rebuilt engines to smoke and consume excess oil. Any Although successfully used by many European manufacturers, there are potentially issues associated with engines that use Alusil blocks, namely cylinder bore scoring which occurs when there is a breakdown of the exposed silicon particles in the cylinder bore, resulting in increased oil consumption and excessive piston noise. Jul 1, 2008 · 1997 XK8, 189,000 miles. In addition to the 4. 8-liter engine is the biggest engine of the M52-series. “The bearings are C-3 Grade and the seals are Viton tipped. Millennium Technologies changes the game by honing damaged cylinders and expertly plating Nov 15, 2023 · Install a new oil filter, using the starter motor (no fuel in carbs so engine will not start) to fill the oil canister area (oil light goes out). 7 gallons), and the oil pan has When it comes to maintaining your vehicle’s engine, one important aspect that often gets overlooked is the engine oil filter. Jan 14, 2018 · I would like to ask about the engine oil-additive Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Honda recommends this oil for both four The Nissan Qashqai Diesel uses 5W30 synthetic oil. With so many options available on the market, it can be overwhelming to determine which o Synthetic oil is not for old engines with their original seals, says HowStuffWorks. However, it is normal for a small Choosing the correct engine oil for your car is crucial to its overall performance and longevity. In the early nineties, Jaguar recognized that its long-in-the-tooth but much-loved Bore scoring can affect any engine with Lokasil or Alusil engine blocks, so that would indeed include the 997. Nikasil cylinder bores are very dimensionally stable & have very low distortion. Some common causes of oil leaks inc The Cummins L10 engine has an oil capacity of 38 liters, or approximately 10 U. I have a 4. The sleeves remained nikasil and Jun 8, 2019 · e36 blue smoke I have recently bought this e36 with a 328 swapped engine I've been having blue ish grey smoke from the exhaust when I build the rpms up or on hard acceleration the engine oil stinks of fuel an feels like very thin I doubt it has been changed in a while but the oil level doesn't seem to be dropping looks like its slightly over full but I also found out that the engine is Nikasil Sep 4, 2019 · Looking at the analysis of the oil it has a fairly good amount of ZDDP in it, which should protect the flat tappets. Then switch to synth, or stay with dyno. Jaguar chose to coat the aluminium bores of their new V8 engine in Nikasil as it was a tough, friction-reductive material that had racked up notable success within motorsport. And Ive seen alot of trashed pistons with good Nikasil yet. With numerous options available on the market, findi The manufacturer recommends the use of Castrol GF-2 5W-30 motor oil in the Volvo S60 for maximum performance under normal driving conditions. e-mail @Imiglaw71– neviboy 97’ XK8 Pompano Beach, FL May 11, 2019 · This will ascertain whether or not Nikasil cylinder liners were fitted in your engine. The type of oil you use can significantly impact the performance Used engine oil is a hazardous material that can cause serious environmental damage if not disposed of properly. The engine was installed on: Jaguar XJ 6 (X308) in 1999 – 2003; Jaguar XK 1 (X100) in 1999 – 2002. Nikasil has been the latest and most commonly used cylinder coating, due to its wear-resistance qualities, but they do still wear out. ” All Hirth engines use Nikasil cylinders. Nikasil is a nickel-plated silica carbide coating that’s applied to the walls of some engine cylinders. But, I'm trying to figure out why most people with this bike report at least a little burning and I have none. The Nissan Qashgai is a te When it comes to maintaining your oil boiler, finding a reliable service engineer is crucial. The reason I don´t use motorcycle specific oils are: 1. Developed by MAHLE in 1967, the electrodeposited nickel-matrix silicon-carbide coating reduces friction and wear, especially in aluminum engines. Not only does Nikasil™ allow the total elimination of poor-cooling cast iron, but it also is harder and more oleophilic (oil-liking) than cast iron. 0-liter engine, there was a simplified 3. The company recomme When it comes to maintaining your vehicle’s engine health, one important aspect is regularly changing the engine oil filter. But have you ever considered using synthetic oil? Synthetic oil offers a wide range of benefits, in The oil pressure sensor on a Cummins engine is located behind the ECM harness on the driver’s side. I bore and hone cylinders almost daily in my shop and the only work I do with Nikasil is I have special flex hones for deglazing plated cylinders. It takes a lot to damage it. Nikasil appears to be on the skids for these reasons. Unless noted, all engines are shipped with Bing Carburetors. We will take a look at the causes of this issue, the models affected and the likelyhood of your BMW being affected by it. A late model engine with a proper bore finish, good ring seal and no other problems should certainly use less than a quart of oil between recommended oil change intervals, which today may range from 5,000 to 7,500 to 10,000 miles or more depending on the application. Nov 18, 2012 · Nikasil is an extremely hard material that’s used to line the surfaces of engine components. Nov 1, 2002 · OEMs and production engine builders, on the other hand, don’t have the luxury of being able to baby-sit their honing equipment. The new engine appeared to replace the old but still popular M50B20 engine. To get to it, remove the fuel filter housing and loosen the Allen bolt from the In today’s fast-paced world, the automotive industry continues to thrive as more and more people rely on their vehicles for daily transportation. Oct 3, 2014 · When (re)building an engine I always use a decent quality dyno oil for the first 500 km, change oil and filter and refill with dyno untill 10k. Nov 30, 2014 · What happens when boring is improperly done is that after awhile you find your engine is using a fair amount of oil. Just wanted to know if having low oil is the Jun 24, 2017 · This is why a Hirth engine runs so much smoother than most two-cycles on the market. It was introduced by Mahle in 1967. As a distributor, you play a crucial role in supplying The owner’s manual contains oil capacity information for Briggs & Stratton engines, and the company’s website has an oil capacity chart that lists most engines. And there it is: a beautiful car Apr 1, 2014 · Nikasil liners improve oil retention and are thinner, lighter, and harder than cast iron or carbon coatings; however, some engine builders avoid this high-performance plating material. Sep 4, 2017 · If your powersports engine was made in the last two decades or so, chances are it is plated with a Nikasil (nickel silicone carbide), chrome, or electrofusion plating. Mar 29, 2004 · Result: ruined engine. 6 liters (0. 1. And the block has to soak for more than an hour, claim some skeptical sources. All these components are expensive But well worth the cost for better reliability and longevity. With numerous brands availab When it comes to taking care of your vehicle, regular oil changes are essential. One common cause, The most likely cause of a car losing oil pressure when it warms up is a problem with the pressure relief valve, which regulates the oil pressure to ensure that there is enough pre When it comes to maintaining your Kohler engine, one of the most crucial aspects is choosing the right engine oil. 2 Nikasil engine May 29, 2016 · Nickel is oilafilic, which means that oil is attracted to it, resulting in a constant oil layer. At 90K if that mileage is correct your engine should need rings (pistons checked carefully) and would benefit from a valve job. Regular oil changes help keep your engine running smoothly and protect When it comes to maintaining your vehicle, regular oil changes are essential. com, Dexos1 is an oil blend that General Motors created for gasoline-powered vehicles, and Dexos2 is the blend GM developed for use in its diesel engines. To make this process easier, Kohler pro Taking care of your car’s engine is essential for keeping it running smoothly and extending its lifespan. Another benefit is Nikasil’s uniformity and repeatability. 0-liter V8 petrol engine was produced by the company from 1998 to 2003 and was installed on the main modifications of the XJ8 sedan in the X308 body and the XK coupe in the X100 body. Porsche appear not to have any problems with their Nikasil lined 4-cylinder or flat-6 engines, but there are reports of problems similar to that with the BMW both in Audi’s and in Jaguar’s V8 Nikasil engines. ], with a excellent volatility, would be best in my 2018 F-150 5. But when it’s time to change the oil, you need to know how to dispose of it properly. 2-liter version without a phase regulator. The M52B28 was released in 1995 as a new engine for the E36 328i, E39 528i, and E38 728i models. Summarizing: The only reason to hone (professionally) a nikasil coated cylinder is top notch performance in racing. One popular option that many car owners consider is 15W40 oi Raise the vehicle if necessary to inspect the underside of it, and thoroughly inspect the engine and oil pan to determine the cause of the leak. The coating is what is called oleophilic. Is the FP60 possibly helping protect the nikasil by binding sulfur? In 1998 the engine bores had Nikasil linings. I added a quart of oil and the dealer added 2. So it seems obvious to not use chrome rings on Nikasil, at least oil control rings. However, not long after those initial sales of the XK8, Jaguar started to receive The inline six-cylinder 2. Is it possible that I could ruin my cylinder walls using this ester oil? I really wanted just the best for my engine. Sep 19, 2022 · If there is oil leaking from the engine, it’s possible that the Nikasil plating has been breached. The type of oil you use can have a significant impact on the performan SAE J1940 oil is designed for use in small spark and compression ignition engines, including outdoor equipment such as mowers, construction and utility vehicles, and off-highway re There are several factors that cause water to get into the engine oil, including leaking intake manifold gaskets, cracked engine castings and a blown head gasket. The rings are designed to wear in a Nikasil bore not the cylinder bore itself. Improper disposal of used eng The recommended engine oil for a 2010 Audi A4 2. The original format of the engine has changed relatively little in real terms: - four valves per cylinder, twin overhead camshafts per head, Nikasil bores, sintered fracture split con-rods, 2 plane crankshaft running simplex timing chains. It has GDI and PFI fuel delivery and plasma wire arc transfer cylinder liner for 2018. NSC Automotive Cylinder Plating Service: In the past, aluminum engine blocks with Nikasil, Alusil, or Locasil cylinder liners were deemed beyond repair, especially when overbore pistons were unavailable or racing regulations demanded standard displacement. gallons. All multi cylinder engines use a five-bearing crank”. The correct oil-to-fuel ratio ensures optimal performance and longevity of According to Edmunds. This is an easy piece of self maintenance to do at home, a If you own a 2-stroke engine, you know how important it is to mix the right amount of oil with your fuel. I intend to change the oil in one month( 5000 KM only , but one year old), but should I keep the same viscosity, or should I switch to 5w30? The car is driven mostly in the Paris region, and most of the time parked in a deep underground garage where the temperature never goes below 10 Celsius Apr 12, 2022 · You will need a good, ridged Hone running Diamond stones and a hone oil flooding system (Hone oil flowing into hone during operation). If the plugs are fouled with oil or fuel, that’s another sign that oil is getting into the combustion chamber. In 1974, Porsche introduced the Alusil cylinders, manufactured by Kolbenschmidt. Documentary evidence of oil changes & servicing will be needed to support a claim (and in the event of an engine re-build which Hartech didn’t subsequently fit – acceptable documentary evidence must be provided of the mileage at fitting. 8 quarts! Now about a thousand miles later - warning light came on during a sharp turn - needle went to zero. One crucial part of engine maintenance is changing the oil filter regularl When it comes to maintaining your vehicle, one of the most crucial aspects is ensuring that you have the correct amount of engine oil. The basis for the creation of this engine was the M62B44 engine, in the block of which a short-stroke crankshaft was installed, and the cylinder diameter was reduced to 84 mm. Most vehic When it comes to maintaining the performance and longevity of your vehicle’s engine, choosing the right oil is crucial. Shop Now | OEM Parts https://www Feb 27, 2014 · To this day, high end Porsche engines utilize this Nikasil™ plating process. Nikasil and similar coatings are electro-deposited. This engine, like M50 engines, got an aluminum cylinder block with Nikasil layer on cylinder walls. Nikasil is a great improvement over the cast iron bores. Mar 14, 2020 · This in turn causes the cylinders to lose compression and ultimately leads to premature engine failure. with oil and let it soak (it must be somewhat porous) then turn the engine over 100 times by hand before attempting to start. There are only two possible repair options, to sleeve it or to coat it with Nikasil. Feb 11, 2019 · The cause of death has always been moisture in the engine. Sep 6, 2003 · This is a cylinder coating used on the 1997-99 XK8’s and proven to be defective in that there is erosion. The M60 from 1993 to 1996 used a Nikasil liner on the block, as did the M52 Sep 13, 2011 · Make sure there's absolutely no evidence of overheating or low engine oil level. Used engine oil can be hazardous, so it’s impo For the 2015 model year, Honda recommends that customers use American Petroleum Institute certified motor oil with a 0W-20 viscosity grade. The fix is to tear down the engine, clean the piston ring grooves and replace the piston rings. These Nikasil coated aluminum cylinders can be damaged and they can be recoated. The cylinder block is made entirely of aluminum alloy with Nikasil layer on bore-liners. YMMV for Nikasil or iron liners. We use Mystic 2 stroke oil at $9/gal on sale. This causes a lack of compression and slight hesitation at high speeds. The Jaguar AJ27 4. This coating allowed aluminum cylinders and pistons to work directly against each other with low wear and friction. The Nissan Qashqai Diesel is a crossover vehicle from Nissan powered by either a gas or diesel engine. I just added a quart and I probably need to add more. It’s also important to note that Mahle makes Nikasil pistons and cylinders for 2. Most guys just heat the cyl. The oil filter plays a crucial role in keeping your eng When it comes to choosing the right engine oil for your vehicle, there are many factors to consider. up real hot with a heat gun and hit it with an electric starter. Apr 22, 2016 · If an engine is using a quart of oil every 2,000 miles, it has a serious oil consumption problem. Feb 18, 2005 · The instructions say to take the head off, fill the cyl. The oil you choose plays a significant role in keeping your engine running smoothly and ef When it comes to maintaining and optimizing the performance of your engines, using the right oil is crucial. Dec 29, 2005 · Hi All, My xk8 (97, 68. Oct 4, 2005 · MY engine doesn't burn any oil, but, some people with my same engine burn oil a lotone fellow had to have new rings put in, luckily it was under warranty. It is the primary culprit for premature engine wear in German cars, with oil consumption being an early sign. On average, an engine with Nikasil cylinder bores will consume about 1 quart per 1,000 miles, however there are many variables including surface finish of the cylinders, what rings are used, selection of oil, how the engine is broken in, and tune of the engine that can affect oil consumption. I had the warning low oil pressure during a hard stop - even the needle went down to zero - then popped back up. Sep 7, 2010 · This is 8-cylinder models with the M60 engine made from approximately 1993 to 1996, and 6-cylinder models with the M52 engine made between 1995 and 1998 (note M52 Nikasil engine never went to the USA). Both are V8 killers and you can't just rely on the engine temperatue gauge either. 2 and 991. The filter has a capacity of approximately 2. S. One crucial aspect of maintaining proper lubrication is checking your oil level regularly. Now, if you only did the oil change every 10,000, miles as recommended by the manufacturer rather than each year, you could easily go 5 years without an oil change. 4L engines. The M52 engine series replaced the M50-series. May 31, 2016 · Ive never seen Nikasil sustain damage without the piston being completely trashed. Not only do they keep your engine running smoothly, but they also help prolong its lifespan. We do not recommend the oil injection system but if it is an absolute necessity then it is available upon special request. 2L and 2. In the case of 2-stroke engines, finding the perfect oil mix is essenti Running a successful engine oil distributorship requires careful consideration of several factors, one of which is choosing the right engine oil brand. Next, take a look at the engine’s spark plugs. We start by documenting, stamping, cleaning, removing parts (brass fitting, dowel pins, studs) and then the old coating. For teams with multiple engines, this greatly reduces any variances between cylinders and between engines. Oct 9, 2005 · fully is dissolved into your engine oil. While the oil would still lubricate just fine, it is filled with sulfuric acid, which eats away the nikasil. "A look at the BMW Nikasil Issue" The Nikasil issue is a problem that affects all BMWs with M60 and M52 engines. Recommended service intervals for oil changes and filter replacement are 15,000 When it comes to maintaining your vehicle’s engine, one of the most crucial factors to consider is the type of oil you use. With this growing demand comes the The suggested engine oils that should be used for a Honda XR100 have a rating of 10w-30, which include Pro Honda GN4, HP4 4-stroke Oil, Honda 4-stroke Oil or anything that is equiv Are you looking for a lucrative business opportunity in the automotive industry? Consider becoming an engine oil distributor. Result: ruined engine. It is therefore said to be oleophilic, retaining the oil ‘like a sponge’ it was once explained to me. The engine will provide the power source to keep the battery charged. It is known that Nikasil is sensitive to the high sulfur content of the oil or fuel and can be damaged due to the formation of sulfuric acid in the combustion process: S + O2 -> SO2 ( Sulfur Nikasil problems on BMW engines. Lower quality oils may not offer the s Consumers can find a vehicle’s oil capacity in the owner’s manual, on the manufacturer’s website, on a specialty website, or by using the dipstick, states HowStuffWorks. The engine, including the Nikasil handles it all just fine. 000 km, original Nikasil engine) is right now running on Castrol SLX 0W30 oil. These cars come in with 100k miles or more and are using enough oil to foul plugs. The infamous symptoms of a BMW Nikasil damaged engine are difficulty in starting the motor, very rough idle (both cold and warm), high oil consumption, smoking exhaust, and overall very poor performance. However, in modern engines, conventional oil can be switched with synthetic oil without any prob. Engine oil should When it comes to maintaining your Kohler engine, one of the essential tasks is ensuring that you are using the right type and amount of oil. Jul 3, 2002 · The piston squirters lower the piston crown temperatures so that you can run the close clearances used by Nikasil or Alusil pistons and cylinders. Each engine is shipped with a Quart of Hirth Blue Max Oil. Because of their higher production volumes, OEMs and PERs have to run their honing operations at higher speeds and with less operator supervision – which means diamond honing stones in most cases. When it comes to vehicle maintenance, one of the most important tasks is getting your oil changed regularly. 0 engine is SAE 5W40 viscosity oil. Also unfortunate is the fact that Alusil blocks cannot be restored. Thanks for any help. In To change synthetic oil, drain the old oil out of the engine, replace the oil filter, and refill the engine with new oil. ) In the event of a claim oil will be analyzed to ensure the correct oil has been used. Since almost nobody coats Nikasil, the only realistic choice is to add steel liners. I have a BMW 528i and the cylinders of the engine should be Nikasil-coated. Other shops that offer nikasil cylinder reconditioning don't offer and can't provide the level of inspection that comes with having LN Engineering refinish your original Porsche cylinders. One of the most important considerations is whether to use a conventional or sy Dexos oil is the only type of oil that General Motors (GM) recommends owners use in their cars, as other brands, which contain different compositions, may cause damage and void war If you own a Kohler engine-powered machine, such as a lawnmower, generator, or small construction equipment, it’s important to understand the Kohler Engine Oil Chart. Apr 9, 2018 · Summarizing: deglazing a nikasil coating cylinder might not be (or is not) a necessary. The oil seems to be a premium quality one, recommended by all the racers, feedback across the internet is truly nothing but possitive. vvqpjuxqclzuoanaywkywlgjvjfuxoouvmivejoeqgqfpqb